Human Resource Activities of Qantas Airways Essay Example for Free

Human Resource Activities of Qantas Airways EssayThe Qantas Airways is the largest airline in Australia. Its Human Resource focus operates in the high society in four major aras, which atomic number 18 fear segments, corporate, shared services, ontogeny, and learning. This report gives limelight to the Qantas airways HRM and its role in ensuring perfect operations of the company. It further discusses switch management and joke compend and trope. The company has undergone intensive flip-flop management such as cutting of prices and labor cost in influence to check over high productivity, moderation of wages as well as the introduction of flexible structures through a versatile and motivated custody. Moreover, the HRM is also responsible of ensuring that repair people are hired and given necessary training under job analysis and design.However, despite the roles that the company has entrusted the HRM, there cast off been heightened cases of accidents and strikes f rom dissatisfied constructers eacheging that they are paid meager salaries. This shows a HRM gap in delivering its responsibilities. Therefore, the report further argues that the HRM has failed in its change management and job design and analysis strategy. In army to correct the event, the report further proposes that the HRM change its training and conversation modeling. As a means to an end, the report discusses some(a) of the implications emerging from the HRM problems and ends with a comprehensive summary. rendering of Qantas and their HRM ActivitiesThe Qantas Airways is Australias largest airline. It has a solid history as it began its business years back by transporting passengers and mails. Today, the company has expanded its operations in al or so cxl destinations across the globe. It is Australias largest employers with around 37,000 employees. The human resource management operates in the company in four major areas, which are business segments, corporate, shared s ervices, and development and learning. Under corporate level, the HRM is responsible for employees remuneration as well as benefits, the industrial relations of the airline with its competitors and development of the management. In the business segment level, the HR teams often collaborate with other business segments to stop successful delivering of strategies that allow ensure competitive expediency.Human resource has a major responsibility in the company and under shared services the HRM is responsible of managingworkers records, supporting remuneration and recruitment process and managing employees compensation as well as coming up with strategic plans on staff travelling schedules and schemes (Belobaba, Odoni and Barnhart, 2009). Finally, under the learning and development level, the HRM comes up with training programs for employees to help them deliver their work rough-and-readyly. HR Functions Change Management and phone line Analysis and Design at the Qantas Airways Dis cussion of Two HR functions in the QantasChange ManagementThe Qantas airline was instituteerly owned by the government activity hence did not perceive efficiency and profits as its prime goal (Rothkopf, 2009). After its privatisation in 1995, the HRM had to adopt various management practices in order to overcome the companys external and internal influences. The HRM in their change management has emphasised on cutting costs and more so drop-off of labour costs to guarantee heightened productivity, moderation of wages as well as the introduction of flexible structures through a versatile and motivated workforce (Marks, 2007). Cutting labour costs in the Qantas airways chip in involved strict measures from the HRM such as reducing wages and salaries through eliminating costly practices (Hernandez, 2011.). The Qantas airline HRM has undertaken commodious changes in order to cope with diverse external and internal factors (Gillen and Morrison, 2005). Various factors led to changes in the HR management such as the need to have more profits in the company and the fact that the company was under government ownership.This means that the airline had maintained its authoritarian hierarchical structure, autocratic form of leadership, and strict procedures and rules (Hughes, 2012). In addition, the airline has been involved in a major change as far as training is concerned and in 2003, the HRM facilitated in the expansion of the companys apprenticeship programme (Gunn, 1988). According to Kirkpatricks model of learning and training, training helps in ensuring affirmative results (Kearns, 2010). Job Analysis and DesignJob design and analysis is the cornerstone of the Qantas HRM. Job analysis can be viewed as the hub of all human resource management activities that are needed for rough-and-ready organizational functioning (Berman et al, 2009).Under job analysis, the HRM is responsible for planning, recruitment, selection, placement, and induction of workers (Berman et al, 2009). The procedures that are often supported by job analysis process include personnel department selection, training, job evaluation as well as performance appraisal (Berman et al, 2009). In addition, the process of job analysis supports the Qantas organizational strategy in transaction with market competition and talent crisis. According to human resource theory, strategic HRM focuses on connecting all HR functions with organizational goals (Rothwell and Benscoter, 2012). The Qantas airline HRM in the process of job analysis determines various training ineluctably of workers. Moreover, in job analysis process, the HRM determines on some of the things that affect behavior in the company. After job analysis process, the next step is job design, which aims at outlining and organizing duties, responsibilities, as well as tasks in a single unit in order to achieve fact objectives. Job design in the Qantas airways is essential in enabling efficient feedback. In addition, trai ning is an arbitrary part in job design in order to make sure that employees are conscious of their work demands. Training encompasses leadership training to employee orientation (Aulenbach, 2007).Development and training plays an imperative role in ensuring success of a company. Today, most organizations view training as an imperative role of human resource (Price, 2011). From research conducted, it is ostensible that most organizations such as the Qantas airways are spending a lot of money on training with a belief that it impart consequently give them a competitive advantage in both global and local market (Jackson, Schuler and Werner, 2011). According to human resource theory (Bacon et al, 2009), workers need maximum support from human resource function. In that case, the Qantas airways offer training to staff in order to motivate them as well as ensure competitive advantage in the company. Frances (2009) avows that training is imperative in ensuring imperative sailing skill s. In 2009, the company opened approximately $10 million staff training centers in an effort to build on economies of scale. The HRM through job design help the workforce to make vital adjustments. Problems and Implications Faced by QantasAlthough the two major basic functions of HRM is to ensure successful change management and job analysis and design, the Qantas airline has undergonethrough various challenges in these two areas. The HRM in their change management focused on cutting costs such as labor costs in order to increase productivity, ensure moderate workers salary and introduce flexible structures. However, they have failed in ensuring effective and non-biased change management. This is because, workers recently have been complaining of being paid meager salaries and even gone for strikes. Under change management, they should have ensured successful remuneration of employees. However, it is gluey to note that a reputable company like Qantas with such successful change man agement strategy has failed to take care of its employees. The unsolved salary issues have caused employee outcry and various scandals in the company.The pilots have been protesting over meager salaries and the union workers have move to demonstrate over pay inequality arguing they are paid 25% less than their equals in Victoria (Hernandez, 2012). In a survey that was conducted in 2012, on three thousand Qantas employees, the workers expressed dissatisfaction with the management of the company mostly the HRM (McDonald, 2012). Serious staff challenges have continued threatening the company yet up to now the HRM is still reluctant to come up with a new change management model such as ADKAR model that will cater for the interests of workers and allow the company to focus activities on particular business results (Hiatt, 2006). Under Job analysis and design, it is apparent that the HRM made immense mistakes in choosing the repair candidates. Despite heavy training programs that the HR M has invested in during job analysis and design process, it is only in 2008 that the company was involved in an in-flight incident, which caused serious injuries to passengers and death of 129 passengers collect to specious commands (Frances, 2009). In addition, it is apparent that training has not had a positive(p) impact in the company since in 2006, the Qantas Airways pilots failed to monitor their position hence ended up to the wrong runway.Moreover, in 2009, the companys pilots failed to acknowledge and obdurate to overshoot their destinations by 150 miles (Frances, 2009). Frances (2009) alleges that captains in the company are not competent enough as they lacked knowledge on use of stick shaker and stall recovery thus causing serious accidents. It is hence clear that the HRM department leaves a lot to be desired as incidences have continued to intensify despite the companys change management and job design and analysis strategy (Louise, 2011). Withsuch a successful airlin e company, it is apparent that its HRM is ineffectual and has only led to losses than success. The company asserts that it is committed fully to developing its people, yet they do not seem to know how they can invent a beneficial relationship with its staff. There has been a lot of change in the company including cutting of costs, developing training programs, outsourcing working rules and regulations, collaborating with the unions yet the situation seem to be moving from bad to worse. It is apparent that the HRM has been incompetent in hiring the right personnel and dealing with employees. Implications to StakeholdersVarious stakeholders include trade unions, government, shareholders, customers, community, business partners, employees, the media, and non-governmental organizations. They all have a major influence on the companys performance and its strategy. The media coverage on wrong decisions in the Qantas have affected negatively on the companys image. The problems discussed o bviously imply that the HRM, shareholders, and business partners have been reluctant in solving the current crisis hence affecting the performance of the company. Because of the accidents reported, most consumers are not keen on using Qantas airline hence affecting profitability (BBC News, 2012). Additionally, the challenges in the company have also affected employees and consumers on grounds that they have lost confidence with the running of the company (Sandilands, 2011). The looming disagreement between Qantas and its pilots shows clearly that the HRM and business partners have failed in ensuring they contribute in effective management of the company. In addition, the Non-governmental organizations have failed in conflict resolution between the Qantas and its employees.It is apparent that the HRM, business partners, and non-governmental organizations involved have failed in coming up with perspicacious solutions to ensure such current disputes do not develop into a major crisis. Instead of the companys CEO, Alan Joyce holding productive talks, he has been bad-tempered making provocative comments in numerous heated exchanges. For instance, he condemned union members on issues regarding wages arguing that their talks and protests were baseless (Bamber, 2011). The union leaders in return criticized N senior managers and accused them of tarnishing the brand image of the company while they were awarding themselves hefty salaries.This hence implies that thecommunity as well as Union members have lost confidence on the companys stakeholders and this in return has led to bad publicity and reduced profitability. Consequently, the media has given a wide coverage on the companys latest controversies meaning that it is benefiting financially because of the developing story. It is upsetting to see Qantas employees go on strike due to poor management issues in a company owned by various stakeholders. The shareholders, business partners, the HRM, CEO, and Nongovernmenta l Organizations have a major role to play in ensuring issues in the company are resolved and the company goes back to its initial profitable situation. Therefore, they need to sit down and come up with a sage plan towards improvement (Bamber, 2011). Action plan and RecommendationsWith the increasing incidences, there is hence a need to come up with an action plan. First, all the stakeholders must equip to discuss on ways to solve the recent crisis. In the meeting, there will be change of communication and training model to more shrewd models that are employee oriented. The HRM will carry out the process and engage other stakeholders to give ideas on how salary and training issues ought to be handled. The change process will take place from 1st to 28th November in the companys boardroom. To carry out the process, the employees will be interviewed in order to show some of the areas they would need change. The entire companys workforce and managers will be given information concerni ng the changed plan. The recent problems involving HRM function has caused the company to suffer financially. The Qantas airline in their website asserts that, Qantas is committed to providing meaningful jobs with competitive salaries and superior benefits (Qantas, n.d). However, they have failed in fulfilling their promise as the strikes reported tell a different story. In addition, they allege that they render targeted, quality training to the Qantas group and assists in the development of skills (Qantas, n.d). However, the accidents reported show a major gap in their training strategy.The HRM should revisit their training and communication model and make a change on it. It is time the company moved out of a market approach change strategy that only focus on making profits and focus on employee oriented approach that consider the interests of workers. With an effective trainingmodel, there will be workshop and focus group sessions where employees air their grievances and come up with solutions to their problems (Frances, 2009). In addition, effective HRM communication should contribute successfully to teamwork, learning, innovation, safety, and productivity (Krizan et al, 2010). Moreover, the HRM should invest heavily on their pilot candidates and ensure that they get the right training. Coming up with a HR strategic oriented communication model is important in guaranteeing that employees are at par with requirements and needs of the company. This will help in discussing paramount issues affecting the running of the company. Once there is fit between communication and training model in relation to the role of the HRM, the next step should be to come up with a tactical plan on how the HR will be managing their roles to ensure there are no more scandals.The HR needs to be involved fully in daily operations of the company to ensure alignment with needs of the employees. Moreover, the HRM should come up with performance management plan, which is imperative in following up on the performance of the staff members. The HRM should also be transparent in its strategy. This means that the companys operational and strategic agenda should be communicated clearly to workers and must be accepted. This will ensure employees needs are met and there are no operational challenges. In addition, its mission should be shared with other shareholders to make sure they are on the right path to correcting the image of the company. Todays HR models recognize on the fact that people do not leave their issues at home when they are going to work. For the company to be successful, it should focus on the needs of the workers whether personal or professional. This will motivate the workers to deliver quality work. In that case, there will be less accidents and remuneration problems in the company (Frances, 2009). In addition, in training sessions, the HR should focus on changing staff members attitude towards work and teach them on how to have a positive attitude. This will help in motivating workers and encouraging them to air their grievances through dialogue.

Apple Inc. Study Essay Example for Free

orchard apple tree Inc. Study Essay1. Executive summary apple Inc. is a engine room company, which designs, produces and sells goods of the Com swaner, Music and Mobile-phone Industries. It is differentiated by its brand-perception and identification. Over the last couple of historic period, orchard apple tree has become a cult-brand, thanking its iLife, iTunes, QuickTime and iMac lines. orchard apple tree Inc.s short-term goals is present-day(prenominal)ly increasing the gross revenueof the just launched iPad (the roughly innovative web=browser in grocery). In the long-run, orchard apple tree aims for the top of the market, becoming the number one leader. orchard apple tree Inc. has incorporated numerous features that ar rummy and well known in the market today. We consider that there argon several Apple products with several appealing features such as iMac, iPod, iPhone and iPad. These products re enclose a revolutionary era for the development of Apple. By placing such products in the market, Apple Inc. has attracted a lot of nodes in one way or an some other. Highly groundbreaking technology, simplicity and design, and the sense of luxury are the briny features integrated in these products. Moreover the comfort and convenience that these products provide are very crucial. Think disparateOne of the main reasons which inspired me to choose Apple Inc. is its unique, aboveboard and luxurious image that Apple has created in the market over the years. Think differently which is an exalt motto, made us believe that simplicity and creativity combined with luxury throne lead to a successful and profitable company, such as Apple. some other component that we found to be challenging for us was to understand Apples goals, objectives and their secret of being successful. A very important fact well-nigh Apple products today is that these products are globally spread. This has created among us the idea that Apple products are no longer luxuries precise ly real necessities due to the technological developments. Moreover, what has propel us most to select Apple Inc., is the way we relate ourselves with its products. Each of us being an Apple consumer has build trustworthiness relationship with the products that this company offers. Owning an iPod or iPhone today definitely will make your life easy and simple. As mentioned above, 2010 came with the launching of the iPad, which is a totally differentiated product in the market. It is a web-browser, which similarly can be used as laptop, and can be useful in every aspect of educational and professional areas. Its price, compared to regular Apple prices, is reasonably affordable ($499), which is an incentive for more than buyers to purchase. This is the main goal of Apple in the current day.2. IntroductionAccording to (OPPapers, 2012).Apple Inc is an American multinational system of rules located in 1 infinite loop, Cupertino, California 95014, in the middle of the Silicon Valley. I t is focused on designing and growing the in-person computers, other related software products, and the electronic products such as MP3 players and iPods. Apple Incs main products are iMac, iPod, iPhone, and its latest advanced product is iPad, which is on the verge of creating another revolution after iPhone. Apple Inc was founded in 1976 and since then Apple Inc has been leading the way in innovating sassy products, however it has encountered numerous ups and downs since then. Apple Inc produced the first ever extremely successful personal computer.It has been always on the forefront of innovating new products however it has often struggled to maintain the hold on the market component in the product line. Lately, Apple Inc has alter its image from an inventive computer manufacturer to a fully-fledged consumers electronic company. Some facts of its success can be calculated from its sales of $13.95 billion in the year 2005. In year 2005, Apple Inc had controlled 4.2% of the US market in PCs. Also, Apple iPods models had controlled 70% of the hard drive MP3 player market. Apple Inc enjoys the leading share in the handset market, generating over 71% of the industrys profit with 6.5% of the international handset market. Apple unveiled its first iPhone on 9th January, 2007. The most youthful iPhone, is iPhone 4S, and it was announced on 4rth October, 2011 and was released 10 days later. 3. apple Inc.According to (Scribd Inc., 2013) Apple has to be one of the greatest success stories of all time. The beginnings of Apple started with Wozniak assembling a simple built computer machine. It was in the summer of 1971 Wozniak 21 and Jobs 16 were introduced to each other by a mutual friend Bill Fernandez. Wozniak had shown Jobs his simple built computer machine and this impressed Jobs to the point Jobs believed he could sell it for a profit. It was here they would form a strong friendship because they not whole shared a passion for computers, but because they we re some(prenominal) known as outcasts and for the first time they had a great understanding, admiration and respect for each others abilities, personality and intellect. They would begin the Apple honk by selling some of their possessions Wozniaks HP scientific calculator and Jobs Volkswagen, they raised $1300 and assembled their first prototypes in Jobs bedroom. When the project became too big for the bedroomthey moved the project into Jobs familys garage, it was on a huge wooden work bench that served as their first manufacturing base.The computers were hand built by Wozniak and first shown to the popular at the Home brew Computer club. After selling a number of the machines Apple was established on April 1, 1976 and went public on December 12, 1980. Apple has maintained its great success with its ability to understand what the consumer wants before the consumer even knows what they want Apple effectively creates wants by their constant creative innovation and unique design wh ich is stylish, user friendly and affordable. They have also been able to create a brand in the high technology ground just as Chanel has in the fashion world. People can easily recognize an apple whether its the I-Pod, the I-Phone, the Mac Air or the I-Pad. It has become a product that defines ones identity in how they desire to be seen by society that is a person who is highly innovative, intelligent, stylish and apart(predicate) of the in crowd. This is pure merchandise genius. This marketing genius of Apple has seen this company outperform beyond the business worlds expectations. While so many companies are struggling to break even in the current recession Apple is getting stronger by the day. Apples Most Successful Products and ServicesiPhone 4, iPadiPad 2, iPhone, iTunes, PowerBook G4, iPod, OS X, iMac, Quick time, Mac, Apple II. PRODUCTS and SERVICESApple Store, Mac, iPod, iPhone, iPad, iTunes.Other Products and ServicesDesktops, Xserve, Notebooks.4. Vision StatementIt is especially important for managers and executives in any organization to agree on the basic vision that the firm strives to accomplish in the long term. A vision account should answer the basic question, What do we want to become? A clear vision provides the foundation for developing a comprehensive mission statement (David, 2011) a. Vision Statement of orchard apple treeMan is the creator of change in this world. As such he should be above systems andstructures, and not subordinate to them. i. Explanation of orchard apple trees visionAccording to (Hamilton, 2011) Apple lives this vision through the technologies it develops for consumers and corporations. It strives to make its customers masters of the products they have bought. Apple doesnt simply make a statement. It lives it by ensuring that its employees understand the vision and strive to reach it. It has put systems in place to enable smooth customer interaction. It has put objectives in place to continuously move forward im plemented strategies to fulfill these objectives and ensured that the right marketing, financial and operational structures are in place to apply the strategies. 5. heraldic bearing StatementWhat is our business? is synonymous with asking the question What is our mission? An enduring statement of purpose that distinguishes one organization from other similar enterprises, the mission statement is a declaration of an organizations reason for being. It answers the pivotal question What our business? A clear mission statement is essential for effectively establishing objectives and formulating strategies (David, 2011). a. guardianship Statement of APPLEApple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork, and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store. Apple reinvented the energetic phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store, and has recently introduced its magical iPad which is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices.i. Mission Statement Analysis for APPLE Inc.Apple is mainly focusing at the following components of mission statement 1. Apple may not be important to elaborate on its concern for its employees or to thoroughly specify its customers and targeted market. Apple is a trendy technology company which prides its self in providing easy to use electronics and efficiently run software systems. Because of this it is most important for Apples mission statement to focus on components like company philosophy, self-concepts, and current technologies. These aspects of Apple are what make it popular and successful today. 2. Apple kindled the personal computer revolution in the1970s with the Apple II and reinvented the personal computer in the 1980s with the Macintosh.Today, Apple continues to lead the industry in innovation with its award-winning desktop and notebook computers, OS X operating system, and iLife and professional applicatio ns. Apple is also spearheading the digital music revolution with its iPod portable music players and iTunes online music store. 3. Apples mission statement only includes descriptions of products and services and past and present technologies. 4. The mission statement from Apple is somewhat unconventional. Its more of a brief history rather than a summary of the corporations overall purpose. It does however paint a picture of where Apple came from, how far it has come, and where its proceed to go. But for such a popular company it may be beneficial divulge into points like its self-purpose and their concern for public image. 6. ValuesAs tell in (appleinvestor, 2012) Apple Values are the qualities, customs, standards, and principles that the company believes will help it and its employees succeed. They are the basis for what they do and how they do it. Taken together, they identify Apple as a unique company. These are the values that govern Apples business conduct Empathy for Custom ers/UsersAggressiveness/AchievementPositive Social Contribution intro/VisionIndividual PerformanceTeam SpiritQuality/ExcellenceIndividual RewardGood Management7. orthogonal AuditThe purpose of an out-of-door audit is to develop a finite list of opportunities that could benefit a firm and panics that should be avoided. a. External Analysis for APPLE Inc.External environs determines the present situation of Apple Inc., and also helps find out the possible influences of the political, economical, andsocial and the technological factors on the organization. b. PESTL Analysis for Apple Inc.i. Political FactorsAs stated in (CNetnews 2012) Apple Inc. has reportedly obtained 52% of its business from outside US in 2007. Due to the problematical international relations, wars and terrorism might influence Apple Inc. in a huge way, and also the organization has no control over these factors. Apple Inc. manufactures a number of its parts and products from outside the US, like Czech Republic , Ireland, China, Korea and Cork. The bad political relations between US and the other world have bad outcomes for the Apple Inc. (CNetnews, 2012). ii. Economic FactorsBy the (Apple Inc., 2012) The global economic crisis had huge dissemble on Apple Inc. The inflation rate went high and so did the unemployment rate in the country, and since Apple Inc. products were viewed as luxury products, the customers started pending less on them. US dollar value keeps fluctuating, and thus again which have a bad impact on Apple Inc. products, however the company has purchased itself foreign currencies and thus, the economic make on the company are minimized. Thus, Apple Inc. revenue has increased in the global market.iii. Social FactorsThroughout the history of Apple Inc., two factors have been on the forefront of Apple Inc. products, the quality and the design of the product. Thus, globalization plays a very important role in Apples products. As the world cannot be imagined without the gadget s, thus Apple products have marked their presence on the international market. Also, as the acquire power of the common has risen in various markets crosswise the world the purchasing of luxury products have gone up, for e.g. the iPhone, iPods and the latest technology iPad. Possessing these items is considered as status symbols in many societies which have also increased the sales of Apple Inc. products. other big social influence to Apple Inc. products is the rapid growth of the music industry, which have increased markets over the cyber space as well. The main virtual music store is the iTunes. Thus, in all Appleproducts have benefitted from the social factors as it has begun defining a modern individual lifestyle. iv. Technological FactorsApple Inc. has invested largely in its product look for and development field and thus, Apple products are at the top of the new innovative products ranking. Apple Inc. has invested largely in its product research and development field and t hus, Apple products are at the top of the new innovative products ranking. The technology has been fast changing in the world and the market for it has become gigantic, which has added to more and more competition and thus, as soon as technological change are concerned the product life beat has been shortened drastically, which the Apple Inc. takes the advantage of by introducing newer products in the market, which ultimately lead the market. v. Legal FactorsNokia has filed various lawsuits against Apple Inc., claiming the violation of 13 additional patents by iPhone, iPad and iPod touch, this apart from US complains covering 24 Nokia patents. Also, in China Apple Inc. has been fighting the battle for its right to the iPad trademark. 8. SWOT epitome for APPLE Inc.SWOT analysis stands for Strength, Weakness, fortune and Threat for a particular organization, which can help in formulating a strategy for its business and can also help in analyzing its internal environment (Strengths Weakness) and external environment (Opportunities Threats).a. StrengthsAccording to (Wharton, 2012) The first and foremost strength of Apple Inc. is its technological edge over its competitors. IPhone have turned out to be a great success and has been associated with status in many of the countries. ITunes has turned out to be a wonderful revenue generating source and since it also sells with its own beam of light i.e. the iPod, thus, revenue has multiplied for Apple Inc. Another strength for the organization is that for every software that Apple Inc. produces, it introduces its hardware with it too, which leads to its expertise in both the industries. Apple Inc. products are classified as luxury items, thus its products provide enough room for it, sothat the competitor products are no longer a competition. The another strikingly advantage over competitors products, is the design of the Apple products, and which are also simple to use. The brand loyalty of its product and its sup er dedicated research and development department are also its major strengths. b. WeaknessesWeaknesses are the disadvantages that are hindrance in obtaining the business goals for the organization. The poor relationship with the market than Microsoft is surely a disadvantage to Apple Inc. Another point could be that the products introduced by Apple Inc. have very short life cycle, which concludes that the research and development department has to be constantly maintained, which requires huge capital. Apple Inc. has very low presence in the advertisements, and also it has very small market occupation as compared to its main gibe Microsoft. Thus, all this leads to the fact that Apple Inc. gets very less business from its home country US, and major of its business is from outside the US. c. OpportunitiesAccording to (Marketingteacher, 2012).Opportunities can affect both the present as well as the future condition of an organization. Apple Inc. opportunities are the introduction of mo re and more PC viruses, on which Apple Inc. can capitalize on. The second opportunity is the population of the world is growing at a rapid pace and thus, this opens the front for many new markets, also the purchasing power of a common man has increased drastically, who can be pursued or impressed to buy the luxury Apple products. The online sales of the organization are increasing and also, the bonds and the partnership with the other organizations have been on the rise in the past few years. Products such as iPhone have create a new set of potential customers altogether which can be targeted in the future i.e. the young population who have a craze for any new technology gadget (MarketingTeacher.com 2012).d. ThreatsIn the past few years, many competitors have come up for Apple Inc., especially in the field of laptops, like dell, Sony, HP, and Toshiba. Another threat could be that many of the customers have started downloadingthe music for free instead of purchasing at iTunes. The pr oduct expensiveness is itself a threat to the product, as substitutes at a lower price are always available. Long lasting recession could also be a threat to its products. Windows 7 software is gaining more market place after vista flopped and last but not the least, the technological advances that have been taking place every single day, is a big threat to Apple Inc. 9. Porters Five disembowels pretensePorters Five-Forces Model of competitive analysis is a widely used approach for developing strategies in many industries. The intensity of competition among firms varies widely across industries (David, 2011). a. Porters Five Forces Model for APPLE Inc.Porters Five force Model is a very powerful tool to understand the core of the power in a business or in a company. The Porter Five Force Model for Apple Inc. is shown belowModel 1 Showing Porters Five Forces Model at APPLE Inc.10. External AuditAn External Factor Evaluation (EFE) intercellular substance allows strategists to summari ze and evaluate economic, social, cultural, demographic, environmental, political, governmental, legal, technological, and competitive information (David, 2011). a. Factors Evaluation (EFE) for AppleEFE ground substanceModel 2 Showing EFE matrix for APPLE Inc.11. Competitive Profile MatrixThe Competitive Profile Matrix (CPM) identifies a firms major competitors and its particular strengths and weaknesses in relation to a adjudicate firms strategic authority (David, 2011). a. CPM for APPLE Inc.Model 3 Showing CPM for APPLE Inc.12. Internal AuditAll organizations have strengths and weaknesses in the operating(a) areas of business. No enterprise is equally strong or weak in all areas (David, 2011). a. Internal Audit for APPLE Inc.i. Internal EnvironmentVRIO modellingThe VRIO framework can be stated as the value, rarity, imitablity, and organization as a whole. VRIO framework is extremely important for the internal analysis of Apple Inc organization. Resources and Competencies14. S WOT MatrixThe Strengths-Weaknesses-Opportunities-Threats (SWOT) Matrix is an important matching tool that helps managers develop four types of strategies SO (strengths-opportunities) Strategies, WO (weaknesses-opportunities) Strategies, ST (strengths-threats) Strategies, and WT (weaknesses-threats) Strategies (David, 2011). a. SWOT Matrix for APPLES-O StrategiesIncrease awareness through the web of the license of Mac products to worms and viruses. (S5, O1) Advertise using individuals that will link Generation X Y to the iTunes and other related products. (S1, O2, O4, O5, O6) Using movies and music groups that are geared towards Gen X and Y to promote computers and laptops. (S3, S5, O2, O5, O6) S-T StrategiesIncrease and promote the compatibility to Window operating system. (S5,T1) Promote the originality of Apple computers and the different style and stable system that is slightly more but worth the price difference in style, stability and speed. (S2, S5, T2, T4, T5) W-O Strategie sIncrease ties with Microsoft and Intel and their products.(W1, W2, W4 O2, O3)Promote to business the safety of having a worm and virus free computer by using Mac. (W2, W4, O1, O5, O6) W-T StrategiesImprove relationship with Microsoft and Intel so that companies will see them as compatible. (W1, W2 T1) Increase productivity and turn around of high demand products to compete with Dell and HP (W5, T2)15. The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix The Strategic Position and Action Evaluation (SPACE) Matrix is four-quadrant framework indicates whether aggressive, conservative, defensive, or competitive strategies are most appropriate for a given organization. The axes of the SPACE Matrix represent two internal dimensions (financial position FP and competitive position CP) and two external dimensions (stability position SP and industry position IP). These four factors are perhaps the most important determinants of an organizations overall strategic position (David, 2011) . 15.1 SPACE Matrix for APPLEModel 6 Showing SPACE Matrix for APPLE Inc.16. BCG MatrixWhen a firms divisions compete in different industries, a fall apart strategy often must be developed for each business. The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix is designed specifically to enhance a multidivisional firms efforts to formulate strategies (David, 2011). a. BCG Matrix for APPLEModel 7 Showing BCG Matrix for APPLE Inc.17. Internal External MatrixThe IE Matrix is similar to the BCG Matrix in that both tools involve plotting organization divisions in a schematic diagram this is why they are both called portfolio matrices. (David, 2011). a. IE Matrix for APPLEModel 8 Showing IE Matrix for APPLE Inc.18. Grand MatrixThe Grand Strategy Matrix has become a popular tool for formulatingchoice strategies. All organizations can be positioned in one of the Grand Strategy Matrixs four strategy quadrants. A firms divisions too could be positioned (David, 2011).19. The Quantitative Strategic Planni ng Matrix (QSPM)The Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), which comprises Stage 3 of the strategy-formulation analytical framework. This technique objectively indicates which preference strategies are best (David, 2011). a. QSPM for APPLEModel 9 Showing QSPM for APPLE Inc.20. Finance/ AccountingFinancial condition is often considered the single best beat of a firms competitive position and overall attractiveness to investors. Determining an organizations financial strengths and weaknesses is essential to effectively formulating strategies.a. Financial Ratios for APPLESale RatioModel 10 Showing sales ratio for APPLE Inc. summation Turnover RatioModel 11 Showing Asset Turnover ratio for APPLE Inc.Inventory Turnover RatioModel 12 Showing Inventory Turnover ratio for APPLE Inc.Gross boodle Margin RatioModel 13 Showing Gross Profit Margin ratio for APPLE Inc.21. ConclusionIt is concluded from the strategic management analysis at APPLE Inc. that technological industries are ne ver easy to compete with. They have a lotinvest at RD and have to be proactive in order to compete with their competitors in the industry. As for APPLE is concerned they have been working so well as it is shown form their products. As Apple Inc. is increasing also, those other businesses are increasing and trying to do something interesting for their own good. APPLE needs to make a drastic change. They dont need to wait for people buy their products only when they are on sale but they need to focus more on the customer backup and improve the areas they already have problems.22. RecommendationsStrategy 1Open six computer retail stores (not just peripheral and accessories). Apple currently has stores opened throughout the United States with only peripheral and accessories for their computers. Adding the hardware should generate more hands-on awareness and use already established locations. This will increase product handiness for those who wish to view items other than just accessor ies and increase awareness of the originality of Apples products. 2 percent increase over the contiguous 2 years in sales representatives for the computer hardware. Strategy 2Contract music spokesperson to attract the upcoming generation who are attending high inform and college. This will invoke a sense of style and linking apple with a distinctive and memorable top 10 hit. This will stay in the customers awareness and influence future purchase decisions. Contracting one music spokesperson estimated $6 million. Strategy 3Add more features to current products for greater Wintel compatibility. Features such as iTune software compatible with windows based computers, Office programs loadable from PC installation disk (This would require a software agreement with Microsoft). In late October 2003 Apple released an iTune software package that is PC ready. It will increase the United States market share at least 30 percent for the next 2-3 years. $50 million is the estimated cost for Res earch and Development.23. References1. David, F, Strategic Management Concepts 13 edition, Pearsons, 2011. 2. http//alvinalexander.com/blog/post/mac-os-x/apple-business-philosophy-mission-statement 3. http//writepass.co.uk/journal/2012/12/strategic-analysis-swot-and-bcg-matrix-of-apple-inc/ 4. http//blogs.hbr.org/fox/2013/01/apple-versus-the-strategy-prof.html 5. http//www.strategicmanagementinsight.com/swot-analyses/apple-swot-analysis.html 6. http//investor.apple.com/secfiling.cfm?filingID=1193125-12-444068 7. http//tech.fortune.cnn.com/2012/11/01/by-the-numbers-apples-fiscal-2012-annual-report/ 8. http//www.apple.com/supplierresponsibility/pdf/Supplier_Code_of_Conduct_V3_1.pdf 9. http//myassignmenthelp.info/assignments/marketing-assignment-essay-writing-analysis-review-online-apple-swot-pestle-analysis/

The phenomenon of globalization

The phenomenon of sphericizationWAL-MARTS FOREIGN ENTRY IN GLOBAL MARKETSThe phenomenon of globalization has determined many heartys to spread out to overseas grocerys. The sit of this paper is to watch the firms strategies for new market place en prove and the major issues they need to deal with while entering into new abroad markets and Wal-Mart is utilized as an example. During this expansion approximately firms succeeded and any(prenominal) failed also.Wal-Marts entry in the foreign market and its operations in the chinaware and U.K where it was successful are examined and it send word be inferred that the cultural differences and the political persuades play a vital role in selecting entry mode and setting operational strategies. Also, In order to understand the trial in German retail market amongst many, the following influential factors will be considered that Germany has different culture and consumer behaviour, oligopoly market environment, unfavorable legislat ion and influential labour union. Addition eachy this entry and exit of Wal-mart affected, inevitably, opposite countries and most of the competitors in many aspects.In the national market of U.S , Wal-Mart has a considerable success. Since Wal-Mart began international operations in Mexico in 1991, it has violently expanded foreign investments all over the world, including Canada, Latin America, Europe, and the Far East. Wal-Mart expanded its international operations such as in United Kingdom, South America and China where its going remote highly successful , whereas in South Korea and German markets its operations were unsuccessful and it was forced to pull out of these markets mainly due to sustained losses in an incompatible culture and highly competitive market. However, Wal-mart failed to position itself when trying to penetrate the German retail market through replicating its US strategies.Initially, firms should have clear purpose for expanding overseas. Firms tend to go i nternational for many different reasons, for example, firms may be interested in structuring a global brand image, the home market may be saturated, external initiatives to spread the product, or grabbing more market share etc. Prior to entering a particular foreign market, firms need to expression upon the consumer purchasing power, market size, entry barriers, political stability and cultural and language differences.Culture plays an essential role in shaping whether a firm can last in a foreign market. . Consumers in different cultures may have different attitudes toward the same product and may value things differently. Therefore, international managers should reduce into account the cultural factor carefully in stopping point-making. Furthermore, mental outer space also requires to be carefully addressed in the market selection stage. Psychic distance is defined as factors precluding or disturbing the flows of information amongst firms and markets in terms of differences in culture, language, political systems, levels of industrial development, etc (Johanson and Wiedersheim-Paul, 1975). Theoretically firms have a tendency to penetrate psychically close market to moderate risk.Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. (Wal-Mart) is the worlds biggest American retail corporation in the world. Wal-Mart is a association which is renowned for its influence on US government. Wal-Mart has a friendly legislature and government policy in accordance to its company policies and method which indeed helps them to achieve goal such as restricting tariff protections, limiting port security, the elimination of the estate tax and obtaining lucrative subsidies. According to survey Wal-Mart has received 1.2 measuringion from US government in form of subsidies, grants and fund. Following are some examples which shows how US government helped Wal-Mart in USMore Than $1 Billion from tax-payer funded Subsidies. A May 2004 report analyse how Wal-Mart received more than $1 billion from ov er 244 taxpayer-funded subsidies status, job training/recruiting funds, and general grants.Millions To broaden the Street to Its Headquarters. In 2005, a federal highway bill write by President Bush of $35 million to broaden Eighth Street in Bentonville which goes to Wal-Marts corporate headquarters.Employing Teens in Unsafe Conditions. An agreement was signed by the Wal-Mart with the Departments Wage and Hours Division about future child labor conditions that the teens aged 16 and 17 are prohibited to participate in activitiesNegotiating for shoddy Enforcement. An audit by the (OIG) of the child labor found an agreement between Wal-Mart and the Department of Labor which showed serious breakdowns in the WHD Department of Labors Wage and Hour Division process for developing, negotiating and boon such agreements. These effected in the WHD entering into an agreement that gave substantial concessions to Wal-Mart.In the early 1990s, Wal-Mart was enforced to expand its business into t he new foreign market due to sarcastic U.S market conditions. Firstly, In the US it faced market saturation. Wal-Mart comes up with 200 new stash aways each year and this fast expansion results in the short distance between its old stores and new stores. Further, the retail price difference between Wal-Mart and its key competitors has been diminish so consumers had little incentive to go to Wal-Mart. Therefore, rather than summing up the market share from its competitors, the new stores in fact gained the market share from its old stores. Finally, the progress in demand was declining beca employ of the decreasing family sizes in the U.S. (Kim 2008) . Taking into account, all these factors, the international expansion appears as a prior scheme for Wal-Mart to promote its business process.Wal-Mart initiated to expand internationally in 1991 with the creation of a joint imagine with Citra, S.A. de C.V, Mexicos largest retailer. According to the Wal-Mart they promote its growth in ternationally because We need to be the growth of Wal-Mart some day when the United States slows down (as cited in Molin, 2004). The company feels the international market as a alternate when there was limited growth in the US. After creating a joint venture in 1991, Wal-Mart came out as a large international player and within one and half decade it expanded its operations in globally in many countries.Wal-Mart did not use single strategy to enter in different countries. They decide on the basis of the business, competitive and economic environments that exist in. Wal-Mart made its presence in local anesthetic markets by first considering the uniqueness of each market, and then by altering its business model to suit that market. After choosing the country like China, the management makes the decision after analyzing the environment that seemed to be positive in China.The China is a country with a history of tremendous level of 1.3 billion population. In China , the governments liber alization initiative and its open policy increased disposable income of consumers because of limited competition offered by similar business models its high constant economic growth and. The retail sale in China is $1.2 trillion in 2007 and the growth of market is expected $ 2.4 trillion by 2020, which indicates that there is a big hazard for the company. These factors attracted the Wal-Mart company to research and make their presence in China.In 1996,Wal-Mart entered China and it grew slowly. Some people pointed out on its slow growth, but according to me, the strategy of slow growth helps the Company to examine the environment in a completely different culture with regard to US. Wal-Mart had taken up those merchandising and store designs that suits the Chinese consumer requirements best. The company also tries to adopt the local culture and sourced the products from local manufactures who are familiar with the local taste of the people. Company also met the government passel and business guidelines, by adopting such type of the environment it helped the company to grow and launch its expansion plans in China. Wal-Mart is also participating in CSR- corporate affectionate responsibility such as by getting involved in the local community and the society by donating the funds and providing the kind support of $ 8 million over the past 13 years. All such awards achieved by the company itself show its achievement in China. Another issue that contributed to Wal-Marts success in China, was labour unionization. At first, Wal-Mart was reluctant to support the idea of unionization, but the constant efforts of All-China Federation of Trade Union led to formation of union amongst Wal-Mart employees, which has contributed positively to its success.Currently, Wal-Mart carries on 7,873 stores worldwide in 15 countries among which 3,615 stores in the foreign countries and remaining in the US. Moreover its international segment gives 24.6% of the companys total revenue in 2009 fiscal year. (Global market place Direct, 2009) However, even with such enhanced international sales, Wal-Marts international division is still faraway from its one-third of total sales goal, which it was essentially expected to achieve by 2005. (1999 Annual Report) If we analyse Wal-Marts international business, we will find out a mixed story. It had substantial success in Canada, China, Mexico and the United Kingdom, but it was unsuccessful to place itself in Germany and South Korea.Wal-Mart was leading retailer and employer in US for last decade. There were more than 5000 stores in US itself. This made easier for the firm in structuring a good brand image in spite of offering cheap products. Due to its knowledge, low pricing, strategic resources, geographical presence, strategic investment, product differentiation and managerial excellence, the firm constantly had an upper edge on its competitors and generally drives them out of the business. Further reasons for Wal-Marts s uccess was its elite relations with bureaucrats and government. Government policies usually were in harmoniousness to Wal-Mart business and strategies.Wal-Mart had many weaknesses and pit holes also despite of being worlds no. 1 company. Wal-Mart was forever criticized for poor labour practices by labour unions. In US the average salary per hour is $ 13 where as in Wal-Mart the lowest salary rate is US$ 9 per hour. Employees have prolonged work hours more or less ten hours a day. Further Wal-Mart is charged for adopting the tax avoidance schemes. It has also build a great reputation for destroying small and medium business. Therefore its neer greeted in any society. The main weakness of Wal-Mart has been its international operation. It struggled to create a great mark in international market especially in Germany unalike America. It has been losing money from the year it penetrated German market. It has also been found that in some cases those inferior quality products are being sold because of discounted price. As a result consumers who are not price elastic have a preference over other brands. It also bears the huge labour turnover, about 44% employees bequeath Wal-Mart every year according to the national survey. These were some major weakness that the firm desires to come up in near future for its survival and sustenance.A number of factors that resulted Wal-Marts failure in Germany are such as different corporate culture, political influence, stiff competition and inefficient management and trade strategies. Firstly, David bats CEO in 2004, believed that cultural differences between American and German consumers were considerable challenges to Wal-Mart. Debby CEO in 2006 concluded that German shoppers are accustomed to shop at small scale discount stores such as Aldi and Netto that provides a limited range of products with special offers each week and no customer service, unlike US customers. In addition to different corporate culture, the competi tion has become gradually more intense between Wal-Mart and domestic retailers. The price difference has so lessened that sometimes even Wal-Mart had a higher price than their competitors. Consequently, consumers had little incentive to visit Wal-Mart Germany because of no obvious price advantage.Some other factors that lead to Wal-Marts failure in Germany were, their strategy of acquiring the top competitor did not work, as the German government did its best to ensure the welfare of the domestic players. Also, due to employ restrictions, Wal-Mart could not practice wage bargaining, as it did back in U.S, this was a huge, uncommon expenditure for the company. Its American strategy of restricting employee freedom and forcing them to work excess hours, brought up problems of high labour turnover and a negative image as an employer. Wal-Mart failed to have an effective management at the top level. Its CEOs changed every year,this in an obvious way effected the companys performance. W al-Mart constantly ignored the strictness of German laws, and was charged heavy penalties for doing so. One of the most challenging thing for Wal-Mart was capturing the market- share. As per German legislation it was illegal to sell products below address,because of which Wal-Mart could never achieve the Low price leader tag.It is impossible to smoothly run any organization, until there is co-operation between the employees and the employer. Wal-Mart faced a severe labour unrest,which hampered its brand-image. Kay Hafner,CEO of Wal-Mart reduced the wages to cut cost, this negatively influenced individual behaviour , as an anti-union decision. As suggested by Arndt and Knorr, a firm needs to understand the specifications when indulging in global expansion.Out of all the CEOs, only David Wild has been sensitive to cultural difference.He did bring about changes based on this understanding,which had some positive results,yet not profitable enough to impress investors for future investm ents.Moreover,as per German legislation their were some specific retail related laws,such as, limited legal working hours (80 hours/week) which were way less than the other European countries and had strict rules governing closure on Sundays and holidays. Wal-Mart repeatedly infringement German laws but were able to do away with it mainly because of global presence and influence on the government of US which played a major role in global politics. Some of incidences where the company broke few laws and was able to get away are summed up below-unfair trade practices such as selling goods below the cost price was prohibited in Germany but Wal-Mart was found violating these laws as it randomly sold some product below cost.German law required a company to disclose it financial statements annually, Wal-Mart seldom did that and was spared without any fine or legal proceedings at number of occasions.Obligatory Deposit Regulationdings law stipulated the retailer to provide deposit-refund-sy stem on few products like metal beverages, cans etc. But Wal-Mart never followed this law.Thus from the above incidences it can be concluded that Wal-Mart used its global influence to refrain from some of the German laws.However, because German culture is quite different from American culture and because of unfamiliarity with the legislation, it would be difficult for Wal-Mart to make marketing and promotion right. And in fact these difficulties had been proved in Wal-Mart Germany. Consequently, rather than choosing Germany as the gateway to Europe, virtually after two years of operating in Germany it had entered in U.K .Even though U.K is not in the Euro zone and its geographic location is less favorable than Germany, it has a similar culture and legal environment as U.S. which makes it easier to contain the companys business and strategies. It has considerable success in the UK market which is called by as a Wal-Mart-ready marketpalmer 2005 .Therefore, the lessons learned from fr om Germany has proven useful for U.K.In the United Kingdom, Wal-Mart operates under its clean-cut organizational culture the Wal-Mart Way, where executives act as servants and employees are known as associates. Associates are empowered to adapt to local culture and are encouraged to try out new ideas. Consequently, associate cohesiveness is strengthened, and they are willing to work hard to achieve the best results. In addition, satisfying customer needs is always placed as main goal of the company. The company aims to offer British families the things they need at affordable prices, as well as providing superior customer service and convenience.Needless to say, Wal-Mart did face challenges initially even in U.K. The British Planning Policy(PPS6) has clearly limited the construction of huge retail outlets on the outskirts of a town, which was one of its most effective strategy in the U.S According to PPS6,the local governments were required to do so until there was a call for .Wal- Mart responded to this situation by protesting the restrictive policies to the top government officials. Eventually, Wal-Mart acquired an existing retail chain ASDA, and this proved to be fruitful as it served as the best strategic fit between the companies. In the UK, ASDA was the only operator with a consistent non-food offer and Wal-Marts organisational culture had already incorporated into ASDAs management principles before the acquisition taken place.Based on the above examination of Wal-Mart, it can be concluded that Wal-Mart possessed a great influence on the US government and it used its great influence to get various tax reliefs, subsidies etc and when it entered other countries like UK, China and Germany etc, it followed the same policy to influence the government and capitalize on these relationships. Besides that there were few incidences in which the US government helped Wal-Mart in its international operations and having good relations with the foreign government which brings about the companies involvement in global politics, which is the aroma of the report. However,while expanding globally Wal-Mart besides carrying all these good relationships still had to confront with the cultural, political and the other economic factors when it entered in the foreign markets because Wal-Mart to be successful only transports its domestic policy to global markets. No such one strategy or model is applicable which is appropriatefor all the markets. Consequently ,Wal-Marts US model cant be consistently applied in other countries, even in UK whose culture is very alike to that of the US. Hence, adaptation to local culture and familiarity with its legislations is a crucial blackguard for Wal-Mart or any firm while entering to the global markets. Therefore, Firms should always make cultural and political considerations as a part of strategic planning, and perspective activities in countries that possess these attributes necessary for competing in these activit ies of foreign entry.REFERENCESIGO Retail Analysis. (2009). Company Summary-Introduction Wal-Mart. OnlineAvailable from http//www.igd.com/analysis/channel/profile_detail.asp?channelid=1channelitemid=27profileid=1541 Accessed2 November 2009Buckley, J. Peter and Ghauri, N. Pervez (1999), The Internationalization of the firm A Reader, 2nd Edition. London International Thompson Business Press.Johanson, Jan and Finn Wiedersheim-Paul (1975), The Internationalization of the Firm Four Swedish Case Studies, Journal of Management Studies, October, pp. 305-22.Johanson, J. and Vahlne Jan-Erik (1977), The Internationalization Process of the Firm- A exercise of Knowledge Development and Increasing Foreign Market Commitments, Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 8, Issue. 1, pp. 23-32John Robin, Cox Howard, Grazia Letto-Gilles, Grimwade Nigel, Allen Michael, Finn Edward (2002), Global Business strategy. ThomsonOsland, E. Gregory, Charles, R. Charles, and Zuo Shaoming (2001), Selecting international modes of entry and expansion, trade Intelligence Planning Journal, Vol.19, Issue 3, pp. 153-161.Ricker (2007) Internationalization Theory, http//www.studentbibliotek.se/doku.php/internationalization_theory Problems in international market, patiporn kitlertphiroj, University college of denver)Landler, M. and Barbaro, M., (2006). Wal-Mart finds that its formula doesnt fit every culture. The New York Times, August2.2.pp.1-3onlineAvailable from http//www.nytimes.com/2006/08/02/business/worldbusiness/02walmart.html?_r=1 Wal-Mart (n.d.) 3 canonic Belief Value,onlineAvailable from http//walmartstores.com/AboutUs/321.aspx Assessed 25 October 2009Eurofood (1999), Wal-Mart buys Asda in UK retail shock, http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0DQA/is_1999_June_17/ai_55041044/Fernie, J., Arnold, S. (2002), Wal-Mart in Europe prospects for Germany, the UK and France, International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, Vol. 30, Issue.2, pp.92-102.Knorr, A. And Arndt, A. ( 2003), Why did Wal-Mart dail in Germany, operational at http//www.iwim.uni-bremen.de/publikationen/pdf/w024.pdf(accessed November 3, 2009).Pioch, E., Gerhard, U., Fernie, J. and Arnold, S. J. (2009), Consumer acceptance and market success Wal-Mart in the UK and Germany, International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Volume 37 Number 4, pp. 205-225.IGD Analysis (2005) Chinese Wal-Mart chant gets louder. online Available fromhttp//www.igd.com/analysis/news/index.asp?nid=2094 Accessed online 2 November 2009Christopherson, S. (2007). Barrier to US style lean retailing the case of Wal-Mart failure in Germany. Journal of sparing Geography, Vol. 4, No.7, pp.1-19http//walmartwatch.com/blog/archives/secret_meeting_details_confirmed_wa_mart_lobbied_uk_government/http//www.politicalaffairs.net/article/articleview/4737/http//joeg.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/full/7/4/451http//walmartwatch.com/issues/political_influence/http//www.examiner.com/x-21521-Huntington-County-Political-Bu zz-Examinery2009m11d28-Wal-Mart-does-again-this-time-in-Canada(http//www.themanagementor.com/kuniverse/kmailers_universe/mktg_kmailers/wal-mart.htm)(http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wal-Mart)http//www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/WalMart-Stores-Inc-html)

Media Essays Mass Media Society

Media Essays Mass Media SocietyMass Media SocietyAbstractThis paper shows the problems of atomic reactor media. Mass media is absolutely important for our life. However, as some(prenominal) as cumulation media plays an important role in our society, it causes some serious problems. Mass media makes citizens recognize misjudgments by distorting the truth. Most serious problem mass media erect affect extreme power to our society. Mass media has been developed more and more as society has boastful, becoming centralized authority in our society.Exaggerated confine of mass media affect severeness sides to wad-especially teenagers. Some good deal tend to study mass media absolutely, so it is also becomes a problem. telly, exculpate profit, and advertisement, nowadays, the most important medium of mass media brings some problems to each other, so these are issue in society which slew puddle to solve.Mass Media PowerThe more society has grown, the bigger the marketplace of mass media has been developed. Hibbert (2006) defined in the book the power of media that mass media is all part of television, radio, Web sites, newspapers, magazines and books. They deliver information to the public (p. 6). slew git outfit and understand their society through mass media. Before 1960s, mass media was not public.Some citizens could whop how their society and economy were moved according to newspaper. Since 1970s when television was invented, the market of mass media has been developed. Now, most fields of mass media were created, so we can meet mass media really easily not only on the streets simply also at home. We are living under the personal effects of mass media. However, this development of mass media brings some problems in our society as two sides of the said(prenominal) coins. Mass media crisis has rear up secretly because most media organizations do not want to be revealed to their problems frankly.ProblemsMass media affects all fields such as pol itic, economy, g overnment, glossiness and society. Almost all countries buzz off their own problems of media. The most serious problem of that media is mass media can bring confusion of people value. For example, mass media is to make people agree their ideas or thoughts in terms of propaganda. The meaning of propaganda is a concerted set of messages aimed at influencing the opinions or behavior of large numbers of people (Propaganda, 2008).Actually, this word of honor was meaning of the things to be spread. However, now most people may know the word of propaganda is some information which is false or emphasizes one part of a situation, normally used by a government or political group according to Nazi propaganda (Bytwerk, 2005). Taylor (2001) revealed how Hitler implanted his ideology in their citizensIn 1933, Adolf Hitler ordained Minister for Ministry for Public Enlightenment and Propaganda, Joseph Goebbels. Goebbels had spread a mound of propagandas, contained the ideology of Hitler and Nazi. All journalists, writers, and artists were needed to register with one of the Ministrys subsidiary chambers for the press, fine arts, music, theater, film, literature, or radio. The Nazis believed in propaganda as a vital tool in achieving their goals.Adolf Hitler was impressed by the power of Allied propaganda during World War I and believed that it had been a autochthonic cause of the collapse of morale and revolts in the German home front and Navy in 1918. Broadcasters and journalists required prior approval before their works were disseminated. on with posters, the Nazis produced a number of films and books to spread their beliefs. (pp. 162-163)In the U.S. and South Korean government also by emphasizing red complex to their citizens through mass media alike(p) radio or newspapers, the governments make their citizens recognize the hostile attitude around all policies of socialism while they justifies their policies (Kang, 1997). These things are absolute examples of mass medias problem.In addition, as market of mass media has been developed much, the authority of mass media has grown also. The power of mass media has been centralized too much, so it exercises extreme influence over any government. The contents of mass media have been contained exaggeration and violence more and more. This mass media makes people tend to believe absolutely. Mass media has strong authority in our society.Mass media became one most important way for people to deliver information since mass media has been developed. We can get a lot of information and acquaintance easily through mass media like newspaper, magazines and books. Actually, there is no way for us to take new information except through mass media. Therefore, mass media could have great authority among our society.TelevisionTelevision is one of the most important media of mass communication. Common people may watch television at least one hour every day. Some people usually meet news through television and others may want to watch dramas or variety shows. We can watch a lot of programs according to our tastes through television. Nielsen media research (1998) account Television was introduced to the U.S.A. at the 1939 Worlds Fair in New York.After two years, the Federal communications Commission licensed and approved the first commercially available television stations. In 1950, slightly 9% of American homes had TV sets. Since 1985, television ownership has been about 98% (cited in Bushman, 2001, p. 477). Since television was invented, media became very popular in our life. Now almost all families have television at least one at home. Television has developed since 1930th as amazing invention can give people a lot of information and enjoyment visually and audially both.Most Americans watch television for 3 to 5 hours per day (Horvath, 2004, p. 378). As much as television has become renowned to people, it causes many problems too. The violence of televisions programs h as very serious effects. In television programs, we can easily see a recurrence of a case. It causes imitative crimes. Brandon warmheartednesswall (1993), a professor at the University of Washington reported that from 1945 to 1974, 93% of the murder rate has been increased.It shows that television teaches violence, and it also makes people be unconcerned about violence. It can also cause antisocial actions. Television can bring addiction, which is one problem appeared since mass media was developed. TV addiction is similar with other addictions like drugs addiction or gambling. Especially TV addiction is bad for children. A child who watched two hours of television a day before age three would be 20 percent more likely to have attention problems at age seven compared with a child who did not watch television (Christakis, 2004).Television programs are contained to the violent acts and sensational contents more and more by pursuing commercial value. Moreover, they also maintain tha t television is forcing simple thoughts. Television gives us a lot of information but they can just give that. Viewers just can accept televisions information we cannot channel with television.It is sure that the invention of television brought great development in our society. However, as the market of broadcast has been bigger, programs in television has been contained more violence and exaggerated. These things give children and teenagers bad effects, so all broadcast need to adjust their program contents.InternetThatcher and Goolam (2005) said in their journalThe number of people using the internet has grown exponentially since the emergence of World Wide Web about ten years ago. No one is exactly sure how many people have online access. According to NUA Internet Survey (2002), it was estimated the number of internet users is approximately 600 million people in 2002 (Nua Internet survey, cited in Thatcher Goolam, 2002, p. 767). The popularity of the WWW, combined with the perv asiveness of electronic computer technology in general, means that people are becoming increasingly reliant on technology and the Internet to conduct their day-to-day and work activities. (p. 767)Although internet appeared as a new medium of media and it formed new society, internet is not mixed with society where we live, so it caused many problems. We can accept tremendous information via internet because people in all over the world could share their information on network. However, as much as there is a lot of knowledge, in internet there is also information not true and useless.Also, since internet was popularized, many illegal crimes have been happened through internet. These crimes committed through the use of computer are called cybercrime. Cybercrime is a real and growing problem that costs governments, businesses, and individual computer users millions of dollars annually and that facilitates many of the same crimes committed in real space, such as identity theft and the trafficking of child pornography, only on a larger scale (Jones, 2007). The Internet Crime Complaint Center (IC3) revealed the U.S.A. lost about 240 million dollars from online crime during 2007Financial losses from online crime reported to U.S. authorities reached a record high last year, topping nearly 240 million dollar. pickings into account unreported crimes the real figure is likely to be much higher. Auction parody and other forms of cybercrime reported to the Internet Crime Complaint Center were up 40 million or 20 per cent from those reported in 2006. The IC3 received 206,884 complaints about internet crimes last year, more than 90,000 of which were referred to law enforcement agencies crossways the U.S. IC3, which serves as a clearing house for cybercrime, is a joint operation between the FBI and the National White Collar Crime Center.Although internet auction fraud was the most widely reported complaint to the IC3, other problem areas included non-delivery of purchases and credit card fraud. Computer hacking attacks spam and child abuse on the net formed the subject of other complaints. Commonly reported scams involved the purchase or sale of pets, cheque fraud, email spam, and online dating fraud. The report provides evidence that the U.K. is refrain catching up with the U.S. in being a hotbed of cybercrime. Despite the fact that the IC3 study is supposedly a national US annual report, the UK is the source of 15.3 per cent of the crime reports, significantly ahead of other cybercrime hotspots such as Nigeria (Leyden, 2008).It is also commonly happened to be invaded persons privacy and personal information on network. According to a survey of 1,000 U.S. adults conducted by TNS Sofres on behalf of digital-security company Gemalto (2008), about 60% of Americans are concerned about stealing their account passwords when they bank online, and 38% do not believe online payments (cited in Swartz, 2008).AdvertisingAdvertising is a part of mass media. Mar ket of advertisement has been developed as much as we can see an advertisement per one minute. Nowadays most products make up of advertisement because each product has to be sold in timelessness competition society. Now customers live in the flood of denote. From the moment of opening eyes to going to bed, people are connected with advertising through television, radio, newspapers, magazines and catalogs. kind-hearted Communication research (1998) shows one adult can contact to 3,000 advertising during one day and he or she can memorize just 10 out of 3,000 (cited in Kim, 2000, p. 54). The market of advertisements has been developed. However, the problem of advertisements are inherent in function of information, entertain and persuasion, so they may not only make peoples life style changed but also promote decadent culture like alcohol, cigarette and sex.Ellickson et al (2005) studied about how much advertising will affect to adolescentsEllickson and other authors examine the rela tionship exposure to different forms of alcohol advertisingand subsequent drinking among U.S. adolescents and assess whether exposure to an alcohol and drug legal profession program mitigates any such relationship. The sample includes 3111 seventh-graders drawn from 41 South Dakota middle schools, and they are exposed to television beer advertising, variables were constructed for four types of alcohol advertising television, in store displays, magazines and concession stands. The result of this experience is several forms of alcohol advertising predict adolescent drinking which sources dominate depends on the childs prior experience with alcohol. 48 percent of the non-drinkers in grade 7 qualified as past-year drinkers by the spring of ninth grade, indicating a substantial amount of initiation over the full point examined. (pp. 235-246).Like this, advertising affects to people, especially adolescents a lot. Actually advertising has a great of influence on customers and society. For example, there is a study that skinny models in advertising cause take disorder of women and girl, so some countries took measures to ban ultra-skinny models from their catwalks (Diderich, 2007). People can meet the extreme number of advertising everyday, so advertising has to be made without exaggeration and fiction. Janese Heavin (2007) who is the Tribunes staff, wrote the article about a studyUniversity of Missouri-Columbia research said that looking at pictures of flawless models in mould magazines can make even the prettiest women feel downright crummy. Laurie Mintz, associate professor of education, school and counseling psychology in the MU College of Education said most women know intuitively or subconsciously that when they look at magazines they will feel badly about themselves.The study validates what women know in their own experiences but fool it is just theirs to deal with. Spearheaded by graduate student Emily Hamilton, who used the project to earn her masters degree, the study asked 81 college women to rate how they feel about their appearance, from facial features to chest size. Some of the women were then asked to view magazine advertisements that used fashion models to sell products.Others looked at ads that showed products with no models. Those who saw the images of fashion models later reported having a more negative body image, regardless of their own attractiveness. This study shows women were equally affected by the images. It is been commonly believed that larger women or women struggling with eating disorders feel worse after seeing pictures of models, but the latest study indicates the images are bad for everyone.In conclusion, people have to be careful when pass judgment mass medias information. There are not simple solutions to solve the problem of media. These problems of mass media like television, internet and advertising have bad effects on people especially the perfection of self during childhood. People should try to accept right information through mass media. Therefore, they need to improve fine thoughts for filtering correct acknowledge.Critical mentation might be helpful to accept which information is needed to us. Critical thinking is mental processes of distinguish, analysis and evaluation. Critical thinking is a form of judgment, specifically meaningful and reflective judgment. Using critical thinking one makes a decision or solves the problem of judging what to believe or what to do, but does so in a reflective way (Critical thinking, 2008). People have the right to criticize and punish media which is to destroy our emotion and ethics. People have to improve power of judgment. If people have ability to control information in this information-oriented society, they may have precedence over other people who do not have.

Importance of Physics in our Daily Life Essay

Importance of Physics in our Daily Life Essay office staff of natural philosophy in our effortless lifeINTRODUCTIONWe be living in the century of science and technology and introduction of science in our daily has transformed our lives. When people had no idea about science, even then their lives were governed by principles of unalike branches of science. When we light a fire, it is a chemical process when we sw eitherow and digest food for thought, it is biological process when we walk on Erath, it is governed by laws of physics when an Earthquake occurs, its a seismic activity when we talk about different terrains and gems of Earth surface, it is connect to Geology. There is no single activity of our lives, which define our one or other field of science. Similarly, physics governs our customary lives and is involved in a number of activities we perform and things we use in our daily life. Here we will discuss how physics is playing its take apart in running our everyday ta sks and assists us to do our errands, chores and duties smoothly and effectively.BODYPhysics is considered natural science because it deals with the things like matter, force, zero and move. As these all are related to task related to everyday life, so, we keister say that physics studies how the universe whole kit and boodle, how Earth Moves around the sun, how lightening strikes, how our refrigerator works and many more. In short, physics define how everything works around us. When cannot separate anything from science and, our world cannot disconnect itself from the wonders of Physics. When we look around us, we can reckon a number of things that work on the principles of Physics. We can excuse our several activities by making use of the knowledge of Physics. Here, we will discuss round of the example, which will help us to learn how physics is playing its part in our lives each day.WalkingA number of principles of physics are involved in simple act of walking. It involves co ncepts of weight, Newtons three laws of inaction, friction, gravitative law and potential and energising muscularity. When we walk, we actually act like an inverted pendulum. When we put the foot on landed estate, it becomes our axis and our mass is centered in our abdomen, describing the plaster bandage of an arc. When we set foot on ground, we actually put weight i.e w=mg and apply backward force on ground, as the response to our weight, ground responds by an opposing force which is steep in nature, on leg which slows us down and this slowing process continues unless our leg comes nearest to our tummy. When leg is locomote, kinetic energy is at maximum and potential energy is zero, but, when leg reaches nearest to belly or arc, potential energy reaches to its maximum. When another step is taken, the stored potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and this process continues. We act as an imperfect pendulum, because all potential energy is not converted into kinetic e nergy. Only 65 percent of energy is provided by stored potential energy to take next step, remaining 35 percent is provided by bio chemical processes. (Kunzig, 2001)When we walk we actually do some work in physical terms, as W=F*S, when we exert some force and as a result of it we cover some distance we actually do work. During walking, Newtons three laws of motion are applied. First law of motion states that, a proboscis carcass in state of rest unless a force is applied on it. When we are at rest, inertia is at maximum. Body needs largest amount of force to wreak out of state of inertia, i.e when we start walking. When we talk first step the energy is transferred from foot to upper body parts and we start moving, during the process of walking inertia keeps on changing increases when we set foot on ground and decreases when we move the foot up. Second law of motion states that a=F/m i.e acceleration is directly proportional to the force we use or exert while walking, therefore, when we will apply more force, our acceleration will increase. Third law of motion is about action and reaction, when we set foot on ground we exert force on it and as a result to it ground exerts reactionary vertical force on body. (Patricia Ann Kramer, 2011)CookingThermodynamics is a branch of physics that deals with heat, temperature and work done due to it. Heat is a form of energy that can be transferred from one medium to another i.e heat transfer. For heat transfer, heat travels from hotter surface to cooler. When we put pan, with peeing or something else in it, on burning stove the energy in flame of stove touches cold pan, it starts transferring heat to the pan therefrom making it hooter. This phenomenon is called conduction. Convection is a process of movement of molecules in liquid and gases. When we heat the pan, the water molecules on the base of pan start heating up, a time comes when they get enough energy and become hotter than the molecules around them, then they start moving to the surface of water. The water molecules on the surface are cooler and heavier from hot water, due to less heat energy, thus start moving down, this process continues until all water comes at same temperature. (ouchmath, 2011)The cooking process is an open system, because in this both matter and energy is lost. According to zeroth law of thermodynamics energy should be conserved, in our case the energy lost by flame is used by pot to heat water and thus the total energy remains conserved. If we use pressure cooker it uses het energy to bring spontaneous changes into food by using kinetic energy of molecules to bring chemical changes in food thus satisfying law of thermodynamics that spontaneous works are done due to work energy. (Lathbridge, 2013)Cutting fruits and vegetablesWhen we cut fruit and vegetable, we never realize that physics could be involved in this simple task, but, surely it is. In order to cut anything, we dupe to exert pressure on clapper. When w e increase the pressure we can cut an object easily. Pressure is dependent on force and area i.e directly dependent on force and inversely dependent on area. In simple terms we can say that when we exert more force we can cut an object easily, but, if same force is applied with a wound with thicker edges, we cannot it. From experiences we learn that the knives which have edges with smaller surface area can help to cut an object easily. Similarly, we can cut easily with a sharper knife than blunt. The blunt knife offers more friction, due to its rough edges thus making it difficult to cut an object.SeeingOur eyes are an incredible gift by God. We see wonders of the world, by this small organ. When we talk about parts of body and their function, it is the general concept that we are talking about biology. But, we neglect the fact that functions of our body parts are also working under the laws of physics and chemistry. If we talk about the sense of seeing, we come to know that our ey es work as a camera to see things around us. The lens in our eyes is convex i.e it converges or focuses light. When light enters our eye, cornea and lens focus the light. Iris controls the amount of light move into the eye and iris creates an image on retina, which is real and inverted i.e like in camera. The image of light is converted into electrical signal, by photoreceptors, and sent to imaging centre of brain by optic nerve. The vision center analyses the electric signal and arranges it into its original form i.e to be seen by eye. The image we can see is due to the amount of light reflected from that object. This is the reason why we cannot see in dark. (Edmondson, 2005)Eye can perceive different shapes and colors of the objects. Light consists of seven colors, when it move on an object say, book of color red, it absorbs all the colors and reflect red color. This helps us to interpret that the cover of this book is red. When light go a white object then it reflects all the colors and thats why it seems white (we also regard light as white light). Similarly, when light falls on black object it absorbs all the light and reflects nothing thats why that object looks black. (Pappas, 2010)Opening and closing doorsPhysics is also involved in opening and closing of hinged doors. The phenomenon involved in opening and closing of door is torque. Torque is the force required to twirl an object about an axis or fulcrum. When we open a door by using the handle, at farthest place from hinge, we can easily open the door by producing torque, =F*l sin , where l is the distance of hinge from door knob or handle. (Lesson 27a Torque (AP Only) , 2013)If the knob is located near the hinge, we have to exert more torque, thus producing less angular acceleration. When we apply force perpendicular to the door, larger angular acceleration is produced. When we apply force on the door knob, compel the door to revolve on its axis thus acting on the principle of torque. Torque is positive when we open the door clockwise and negative if we open it anticlockwise. (Broholom, 1997)CONCLUSIONHere, we have seen a limited example of physics, but over life is governed by this branch of science. Physics governs a lot of natural phenomenon and also define a number of man made things like cars, refrigerators, microwave and escalators. Hence, we can say that our world is ruled by physics.Works CitedBroholom, C. (1997, October 20). Opening a door. Retrieved from John Hopkins University http//www.pha.jhu.edu/broholm/l18/node3.htmlEdmondson, R. (2005, November 11). How are we able to see things? Retrieved from MyUniversalFacts http//www.myuniversalfacts.com/2005/11/how-are-we-able-to-see-things.htmlKunzig, R. (2001). The Physics of Walking. DISCOVER Vol. 22 No. 07.Lathbridge, A. (2013, June 06). Thermodynamics of Cooking. Retrieved from Science fare http//sciencefare.org/2013/06/26/thermodynamics-of-cooking/Lesson 27a Torque (AP Only) . (2013, March 12). Retrieved from st udyphysics.ca http//www.studyphysics.ca/2007/20/ap_torque/27_ap_a_torque.pdfouchmath. (2011, January 25). THE PHYSICS OF COOKING. Retrieved from OUCH mathematics http//ouchmath.wordpress.com/2011/01/25/the-physics-of-cooking/Pappas, t. (2010, April 29). How Do We See in Color? Retrieved from Live Science http//www.livescience.com/32559-why-do-we-see-in-color.htmlPatricia Ann Kramer, A. D. (2011). The Energetic Cost of Walking A Comparison of Predictive Methods. PLoS ONE, 6(6), doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0021290.

The Aboriginal People of Newfoundland :: American America History

The Aboriginal People of NewfoundlandThe Beothuk lot of Newfoundland were not the very first inhabitants of the island. Thousands of years before their arriver there existed an ancient race, named the Maritime Archaic Indians who lived on the shores of Newfoundland. (Red Ochre Indians, Marshall, 4.) Burial plots and polished stone tools are occasionally discover near Beothuk remains. Some people speculate that, because of the proximity of the artifacts to the former lands of the Beothuk, the Maritime Archaic Indians and the Beothuk may have been related. It is not certain when the Beothuk arrived on the island. In fact little is actually cognize ab surface the people, compared to what is known about other amerindian civilisations, only artifacts and stories told by elders tell the historians who these people really were. Some speculate that they travelled from Labrador to Newfoundland across the strait of Belle Isle, which at one time was only 12 miles wide. By about 200 AD the Be othuk Indians were probably well settled into Newfoundland.(Red Ochre, 8)The Beothuk were not alone on Newfoundland wither. The Dorset Eskimos, who came from cape Dorset regions of the north around 500 BC also shared the island. They presumably had contact with the Beothuk, exchanging tools or engaging in battle. In any case the Dorset Indians died out leaving Newfoundland empty to the control of the Beothuk people who now had no enemies and a wide vast territory. The Beothuk, although part of the Algonkian family developed their own language and culture. The four hundred words that are still known from their language prove their Algonkian heritage. The development of their culture was a great success. The success of the Beothuk people as a whole was in part because of their skills in fishing, hunting and travel. They were the only amerindian group to navigate on the high up seas.(Grabowski lecture Oct 4,96.) This was because of the construction of their canoes. Normally paddling o n the high seas is dangerous, but Beothuk canoes were so designed to with stand high riffles and stay accurately on course. The canoes were made of a frame work of spruce and then covered with birch bark.(Red Ochre, 9) They curved high at the sides and a sharp bottom acted as a keel. The high sides protected as a barrier from wave swamping the boat. Because of hunting expeditions on the Funk islands, 60 kilometres from shore, ocean travel was evident and sea worthiness was essential.

A Worn Path :: essays research papers

A Tattered TrailA Worn Path by Eudora Welty, is the tale of the unstoppable love and get by of a grandmother for her grandchild. The main character in the score, Phoenix Jackson, is an old black woman who makes a long journey into town to get music for her ill grandson. Despite the many obstacles Phoenix encounters along her journey, determination helps her to continue. I will analyze A Worn Path by Eudora Welty in footing of symbolism and characters. First, I will analyze A Worn Path by Eudora Welty in terms of symbolism. One way symbolism was shown in the story was by the obstacles Phoenix encounters along her journey. The prototypical obstacle Phoenix faces is when she gets herself tangled in a scrub, and she does not want to tear her dress. Phoenix begins to take to the bush saying, Thorns, you doing your appointed work. Never want to let folks pass, no sir (Welty 389). Eventually, she frees herself from the bush. Old eyes thought you was a pretty little green bush (Welt y 389). This shows that you should not judge from the outside and that things are not always, what they seem to be. Another obstacle she faces is when she meets the barbed wire fence. She begins to speak to herself, she could not pay for having her arm or fork sawed off if she got caught fast where she was(Welty 390). Again, determination helps her to continue. Phoenixs name also shows symbolism. As Wesley 2most critics have noted, Phoenix Jacksons first name links her to the Egyptian myth of the bird that renews itself periodically from its own ashes(Bartel 45). In addition, like her name, Phoenix seems ageless. When she stops to drink water from the spring she says, nought know who made this well, for it was here when I was born(Welty 391). When she encounters the hunter and he asks her how old she is she says, There is no telling, mister, said, no telling (Welty 392). Again her age is accent when she goes to the doctors office and the nurse ask her why she never went to school . I never did go to school, I was too old at the retract (Welty 394). Secondly, I will analyze A Worn Path, by Eudora Welty in terms of characters. The main character in the story is Phoenix Jackson.